Suspension for railway trucks



Feb- 5, 1952 R. N. .JANEWAY 2,584,880

susPENsIoN FoR RAILWAY TRUCKS Filed Dec. 11, 1944 5 sheets-sheet 1 Fell 5, 1952 R. N. JANEWAY SUSPENSION FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 1l; 1944 lNgENoR.

Feb 5, 1952 R. N. JANr-:WAY

SUSPENSION FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS 5 Sheets-Sheet.-

Filed Deo. l1, 1944 19' fran/VEKS.

Feb. 5, 1952 R. N. JANEWAY SUSPENSION FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec.

INVENTOR.

Feb- 5 1952 R. N. JANEWAY 2,584,880

SUSPENSION FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS Filed Dec. ll, 1944 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENToR.

, )aer' pneu/aeg.

UNITED STATES eA'rE'r OFFICE SUSPENSION FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS Robert N. Janeway, Detroit, Mich., assigner to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application December 11, 1944, Serial No. 567,603

4.3 Claima- This application relates to railway car trucks and more specically to an improved suspension means suitable for use `in a freight car truck design for high speed service by which vertical and horizontal shocks occasioned by irregularity of track, road bed, switches, crossovers, etc. are substantially dissipated.

The suspension of a freight car truck ipresents considerable diiculty, because it must serve the freight car both when full and when empty.

The 'range of load from full to empty may 'be considerable, and it is a problem to provide a resilient means in the suspension that is suitable to both extremes of load. In general springs of ordinary construction have too great a deflection at lfull load for suitable no load performance so that variation in coupler height exceeds per? missible limits. If the springs are made stiff so as to have a total deection at full load within permissible limits of space, then the springs are too stili at no load for satisfactory suspension. I have solved this problem by a novel arrangement of springs that provides satisfactory suspension a-t all loads and yet has 'a satisfactory deflection between no load and full load. I have also provided the freight car truck with means providing a swinging mounting of the truck bolster on the side frames in a direction transverse of the side frames.

to control unsquar-ing of the side frames by per mitting movement against elastic resistance, which also restores the side frames to theirnormal position. In addition to that, I have -pro- The means pros viding the swinging mounting is also relied upon 1 v relation, should a force applied to one `side frame cause it to move relatively longitudinally to the opposite side frame.

Still another object of the v:invention is 13,0 provide in a freight car truck of the trllss type, support for the legs .of swing hangers located in the `column members of side frames and to previde between the swing hangers and their associated spring plank, interengaging portions so that the spring plank and swing hangers act to,n gather to restore the side frames 0i the truck to square position after the application of an unsquaring force. Mounting rof the swing hang,- ers in the side frame columns permits the mounting to be atabout axle level, whereby the side frames are in stable equilibrium in any position of the swing hangers, land the truck need not he made rigid by VSpecial interconnection of the side fra-mes.

Still another object of the invention is t0 pro.- vide the pivot pins for the swing hangers with means on opposite sides of the Swing hanger bearing vadapted to interlock with .corresponding portions provided in the columns of the ,Side frames to prevent rotation and accidental dise placement of the pivot pins while the same are in service.

A further object of .the present invention is to provide an improved resilient supporting means capable of accommodating a Wide range of. loads with .a total deflection held withinl permissible limits. Such a resilient means is advantageously applied to a railway car truck, or more speciii.- cally to a freight ycar truck.

vided a novel darn-per or energy absorber that 55 A still further object is to provide -ln va railprevents any tendency toward shimrny of the way Acar truck such as a freight car truck an imcar truck. due to periodic squaring and unproved mounting providing for transverse swingsquaring. Y ing of the :bolster or similar bodyconnected An object of my invention, generally considmember with respect -to the side frames. ered, is to provide in a railway car truck, means if Another Aobject is the .provision of animproved for supporting the bolster by swing-hangers carsuspension that has incorporated therein means ried by each side frame, the arrangement 'being controlling unsquaring of` a railway .car truck such that both vertical and lateral shocks imand permitting against resistance limited `un,- posed on the side `frames will be Wholly or in squaring desirable in `the normal `operation .of a large part absorbed by the bolster-support- 45 the truck. ing means to minimize 'the shocks imparted to Still another 4object is the yprovision in a rail,- the car body. This arrangement may be adway car truck, of a novel damper `orenergyabf vantageously applied to a freight vtruck having sorber for Vpreventing sh-immy of the truck that Side Yframes 0f the truss type. particularly may be excited vby resonant unsquaring impulses adapted for high speed service. 59 imposed upon the truck.

Another object vof theinvention isi-to provide, @ther `objects Will appear from the disclosure. in a device of the character described, in con- In the drawings: nection with the novel mounting means for the Fig; 1 is aside view, partially in section. of Vone spring plank, a positive elastic means 'for lre- ,5, form of the novel railway truck of the present turing the side `frames of 'the truck to` square invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the truck of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a plan View of a plank of the truck of the present invention with an intermediate spring-spacing member over one end thereof;

Fig. 6 is an end view of the plank and the bolster of the railroad truck, showing a snubber acting between the plank and the bolster;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a side view, partially in section, of a modiiied form of railroad truck of the present invention;

Fig. 1l is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of Fig. 10; and

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken on the line I2-I2 of Fig. 10.

One form of the novel railway truck of the present invention includes equalizer members Lor side frames IIJ having bearings I I journalling the ends of a pair of axles I2 supported on wheels I3. Each side frame I0 Vhas at its ends housing portions I4 containing the bearings II. vAdjacent the housing portions I4 are portions I5 having top and bottom members diverging in a direction away from the housing portions I4 so that each portion I5 of the side frame is generally triangular in shape. Between the triangular portions I5 is an intermediate portion I6 of rectangular shape. The side frame I0 is of a truss-type construction, the triangular portions I5 having triangular openings I'I, and the intermediate rectangular portion I6, a rectangular opening I8. The upper side of the side frame I0 is of rectangular box-like construction as indicated by the reference character I9 in Fig. 3, the same being true of the lower sides of the triangular portions I5. The lower side of the intermediate portion I6 is of channel shape as indicated at 20 in Fig. 3. The upper side of the side frame may be termed a compression member, and the lower side, a tension member.

f Extending transversely of the truck through the rectangular openings I8 in the side frames I0 is a plank 2I. A bolster 22 is mounted on the plank 2I by resilient means to be described presently. The bolster 22 also extends transversely through the openings I8 in the side frames I0 and has a center bearing 23 at an intermediate region. The plank 2| is supported upon U-shaped swing hangers 24, which have legs 25 and a base 25. The bases 2.6 of the hangers 24 t in grooves 21 formed in the under side of the plank 2 I. Extensions 2la at the sides of the plank 2| as indicated in Fig. 5 also have `the, groove 2l so that the groove is of considerable length. The engage: ment of the bases 26 with the grooves 2'I is such as to provide relative angular or pivotal movefment between the swing hangers 24 and the plank 2l about the swing hanger bases 26 as axes, and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side frames I0. The free ends of the legs 25 of the swing hangers 24 have openings therethrough provided with bearing sleeves 28, through which extend mounting members 29, having intermediate circular or substantially cylindrical bearing regions mounted in 4 the bearing sleeves 28 and terminal or non-cylindrical regions 3I fitting in correspondingly shaped openings 32 in the side frames I0. Fig. 4 shows the shape of the regions 3| and the openings 32. For each mounting member 29 one opening 32 is formed in a web or vertical transverse wall 33, extending from the top of the side frame I0 to the bottom thereof and marking one end of the central rectangular portion I6 of the side frame. The other opening 32 for each mounting member 29 is formed in a flange or vertical transverse portion 34, which as seen in Fig. 2 is arcuate in transverse section. A portion 35 bridges the space between the portion 34 and the wall 33. The web 33, the flange 34, and the portion 35 constitute a column extending between the top tension member I9 and the bottom compression member 20 of the side frame I0. The non-circular ends 3l on the mounting members 29 and the non-circular openings 32 receiving the ends prevent rotative movement of the mounting members. The swing hangers 24 can swing about the central bearing portions 30 as axes. When this happens, there is angular or pivotal movement of the swing hangers 24 about the bases 26 as axes with respect to the plank 2I. Thus the plank 2I may move transversely with respect to the side frames Iii. The legs of the swing hangers 24 depend below the portion 35 and so lie within the horizontal limits of the columns of which the portions 35 form parts. The extensions 2l on the spring plank engage portions of the swing hanger bases below the portions 35 and thus below the columns. This arrangement by which the swing hanger legs depend within the side frame columns and the plank engages the swing hanger base beneath or within the columns, permits the engagement of plank and swing hanger base to be as long as possible for a given width of bolster. It will be noted that the swing hanger base lies in the U of the lower tension member 20 of the side frame. Thus the pivot axes of the hangers 24 are enabled to be relatively low, being slightly lower than the axes of the wheels I3, with the advantage of stability in the truck. By locating the swing-hanger bases between the flanges of the tension members of the side frames and below the level of the tops of said flanges, the springs for supporting the bolster can be suilciently long to provide a yielding support giving to the bolster the desired movement to cushion vertical shocks imposed thereon. Moreover, in event of failure of the swing hanger, the plank need descend only a short distance to thel tension member thereunder, and the swing hanger may be safely trapped in the tension member.

The mounting of the swing hanger pivot pins 29 at or below the level of support of the side members IU on the axles I2 improves the stability of this truck for it causes the swing hangers 24 to function as pendulums and to return to dead center when the forces causing lateral or transverse swinging of the swing hangers have been dissipated. This prevents tipping or cooking of the side frames on the axles and maintains a stable condition of equilibrium. Obviously if the pivot pins 29 are above the level of support of the side frames on the axles then a stable conditionv of equilibrium of the side frames does not exist for there will be no restoring force to return the hangers and side frames to dead center after dissipation of the lateral forces causing transverse swinging of the swing hangers.

However, angular movement of the plank 2| about vertical axes through the side frames I 0 lannoso with respect to the side frames is resisted, because similar movement .of the swing hangers 24 with respect to the plank A2| is prevented through engagement of the ibases 26 of the swing hangers with the grooves 21 in 4the plank 21|, Vand similar movement of the swing hangers with respect to the side frames is :prevented -b'y the Amounting' members 2S. It has been said that angular movement of the plank 2li-about vertical axes through the side frames is resilient/ly resisted, for the legs of Athe hangers 24'may shi-'fit 'angular-ly respect to one another about the base portion k2t as an axis by causing twisting of the base portion itself wi-thin its elastic limit. A small `angular movement ofthe plank 2| results, and this per mits 'a limited amount of movement of one side frame-10 in the direction of its length with respect to the other side frame. This is known as iunsquari-ngff It occurs when 'the car truck is traveling on a curve, or when one side of the e.

truck is-subjected to a -longitudinal impact. When the truck returns to straight track, the side frames |10 must return to their original relative posi-tion, and this takes place, because the twisting xof the base 256 `of the hangers 24 occurs entirely within theelastic limit.

As previously stated, the bolster 23 is resiliently mounted on the plank 2|. The means foracco'mplishing this Awill now be described. Each end of the plank 2| has Aformed therein four shallow recesses or seats 36. Mounted in the seats 36 are four sets of springs, each set being composed of an outer cylindrical spring 3i' and an inner cylindrical spring 38. An intermediate member `39 rests on the-upper ends of the springs 3'! and 38 and has 'four Aseats on its lower side receiving the said upper ends. A sheet metal plate Il rests on the upper side of the intermediate member 3Q and has pressed-out portions 4| fitting :in recesses in the member 39 for locating the plate 40 with respect to the member 39 and flanges S132 and struck-out portions 43 forming spring seats. These seats receive four sets of springs, each set comprising an outer conical spring 44 land an inner -conical spring 45. As seen in Figs. 2 and 3-J two sets of conical springs have their large ends up," and two sets of lconical springs lhave their large. ends down. This arrangement enables the four sets -of conical springs to occupy a 'minimum of space. The upper ends of the conical springs are received in sea-ts 46 iormed on the under side of; the end of the bolster 22. From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the ends of the bolster 22 are 'mounted on the endsof the swing pla-nk 2|'by means of conical springs and cylindrical springs, the conical springs being in series with the cylindrical springs. The conical springs have a varying rate of deilection that-increases wi-th the amount of closing the springs and 'approaches inin-ity as the closing of the springs approaches completeness. The reason for the change in lthe rate 'of the deflection is that the deection and closing of the spring moves progressiifely from the large end toward the small end because the resistance to deflection is smaller the greater the coil diameter for a given thickness of the spring bar the active coils thus become fewer and of smaller diameter. The cylindri-cal springs have a constant rate of deflection throughout their deflection. The conical springs and cylindrical springs are so proportioned that' deection with light loading begins with all cois of the conical springs operating, and, as the load increases the coils ofthe conical springs close. beginning at the large ends and progressing tofil ward :the small ends thereof until .a :condition-tof complete closing of the conical .springs is reached, at `which .point-of deflection the cylindrical springs only remain elective. This series `arrangement of conical fand cylindrical springs is ideallysui-ted to freight cars, in which vthe loading may :vary considerably from empty to full. 1f relatively stiff cylindrical springs were used they would provide a goodmounting lfor heavy loads, but a poor one for light loads. .If relatively-soft springs were used so that a good mounting might be .had for light loads, thenin order ito accommodate a heavy load the deflection would lbe so great as to exceed permissible 'variations .in height Aof the car .body and couplers. Thus a conical spring =would ap.- par'ently provide suiiloient resilience at light loads without too great a .deflection to accommodate heavy loads, since the greater deflection rate withA increasing deflection limits 'total deilecti'on. How ever, as the deflection of a conical spring approaches completeness, the rate .of deflection approaches infinity, and so a conical spr-ing tends to become ltoo stili and to have inadequate-.travel beyond full load. A cylindrical spring arranged in series with the conical spring and proportioned so as to permit continued deflection at a vconstant rate beyond the upper limit of deflection of the conical 'spring is thus used.

As previously stated, the transverse vertical column portions 34 are arcuateV in transverse section. Engaging the concave side of each portion 3-4 isa shoe 47, curved on one side and hat on the other side. The curved side engages the portion '34, and the flat side, the bolster .22. The shoe 41 is retained in :place at the portion .34 byV flanged projections 48 and 49 that engage Lshoulders 5G and 5i formed at the flat side 'of the shoe 47|.. It will be seen that `the bolster slides on the flat sides of the shoes 41 as the plank moves transversely through swinging of the hangers ,24, When the plank A2| and the bolster 22 pivot with respect to the side frames IB upon limited unsquaring of 'the side frames permitted by the elastic twisting of the bases 21E rof the hangers :24, the .arcuate sides of the .shoes y4'! slide upon the portions 3'4 of the 'side -frames. This .also takes place as the side frames adjust themselves from unsqua'red conditionto squared condition.. Since the shifting of .the side frames ||J between vsquared and 'unsquared condition takes place vas result of :thc'elasticity of the lUesha'ped hangers 24, there maybe shimmy set up inthe parts., andthis is prevented by the sliding contact of the` arcuate sides of the shoes t? with the portions 3.4 of the side ira-mes Il). yThev shoes il and portions 3.4 act in effect like shock absorbers or .dampers and also provide adequate :areas of contact vbetween the .bolster and the side frames.

Figs. 649, inclusive, show snubbers or shock ab:- sorbers 52 of a special type for 'the springs 31,;38, 44, and 45. There is one at each side of the truck, outward o'f aside frame la and attached to an end :of 'the plank 2i| and the bolster 22,2.. 4A lower -assembly 53comprises a vplate 54, a pair roi clamps 55, :a large lower rubber part 5.5, two small upper rubber parts Strand an upright member 58. Theplatei54 rests upon the upper side of the very end of vthe plank 2|, `and tothe plat'e54 aresecured the clamps 55 by rivets '53. The memberSS has abase 60, vwhichis held between the platev 54' and the clamps `55 by the large lower rubber part 56 andthe two small upper rubber partsrl. The lower assembly '53 'is secured to the end -ioi the plank 2| lbyfbolts` 6|)a andfnuts SDM Thefmember 58has 'an upstanding'v portion 6|, wln'gchiis.of'.H'.

section diminishing in size upwardly so that it has a vertical friction surface 62 and an inclined friction surface 63. The vertical friction surface 82 has sliding contact with a vertical surface 64' formed on an upper member 65 secured by bolts66 to a U-shaped portion 61 formed integral with the end of the bolster 22. The upper member 65 has a central portion 68, on which the' vertical surface 64 is formed. 'Ihe central Dortion also has an inclined friction surface 69. The -surfaces -63 and 68 are inclined in reversed directions to the vertical and are engaged by mating friction surfaces and 1|, respectively, formed upon opposite sides of a central portion 12 of a movable member 13. This member has end portions 14, which are shaped as pockets to receive the lower ends of cylindrical springs 15, the upper ends of which are received in pockets formed in end portions 16 of the upper member 65. The sides of the U-shaped portion 61 of the end of the bolster 22 have depending -flanges 11, which embrace the end portions 16 of the upper member 65, as shown in Fig. 6. The springs are inclined to the vertical at the same angle as the friction surfaces 69 and 1| on the upper member 65 and the movable member 13. When in operation, the bolster 22 moves downwardly with respect to the plank 2|, this movement is resisted by the springs 31, 38, 44, and 45,

which have a deflection rate increasing with total A ydeflection or load.

The effectiveness of damping depends upon a ratio of friction force to deflection rate of the spring suspension. In the case of a constant rate suspension a damping device having a constant friction force independent of deflection is satisfactory. However, where the deflection rate of the suspension changes with the deflection as in the suspension of the present application, which is composed of conical springs and cylindrical springs in series, it becomes necessary for the friction of the damper or snubber to vary with the deflection and to be preferably substantially in proportion to the deflection rate of the suspension. In general, the friction should vary in direct proportion to the deflection rate of the suspension.

The shock absorbers 52 have a friction force or, in other words, a resistance to displacement of the shock absorber increasing with overall deflecr' tion of the springs. This is due to the arrangement of friction surfaces 63, 10, 69, and 1| and of springs 15. The vertical friction surface 62 and the inclined friction surface 63 provide the mem'- ber 58 with a wedge shape, which brings about the increasing rate of the absorber 52. Practical considerations dictate that the springs 15 and the friction surfaces 69 and 1|, along which sliding of the movable member 13 takes place with respect to the upper member 65, be at an angle to the vertical.

A modified form of a railroad truck is shown in Figs. 10, 1l, and 12. In this form there is provided a pair of swing hangers 18, one mounted in each side frame. ally similar in shape to the swing hanger of Figs. l, 2, and 3 in that it is U-shaped. Each hanger 18 has a base 19, a pair of legs 88, and outwardly extending bearing projections 8| at the ends of the legs 8|) extending in opposite directions from one another along generally the same straight line. Each bearing projection 8| is of circular section and is mounted in a bearing block 82. Each bearing block is slotted as indicated at 83 to provide a space throughwhich one leg 48|! of the Each swing hanger is generhanger 18 may extend. The top and bottom of each bearing block 82 are flat so that the block fits slidably in a correspondingly shaped recess 84 in the side frame I0. The sides of the bearing block 82 are spaced from the sides of the recess in the side frame |0 that receives the block so that the block may slide laterally. The sides of the block have recesses in which rest coil springs 85. The coil springs also engage the sides of the side frame recesses 84, and serve to keep the bearing blocks 82 centered laterally with respect to the recesses 84. The bases 19 of the hangers 18 engage recesses in the plank 2| and in the extensions 21 in the same manner that bases 26 of U- shaped hangers 24 engage recesses 21 in plank 2| and extensions 21 in the railway truck of Figs. 1, 2, and 3. In other words. the hangers 18 may pivot with respect to the plank 2| about the bases 18 as axes, but there can be no pivoting of the hangers 18 with respect to the plank 2| about vertical axes or movement of the hangers 18, involving transverse shifting of the bases 18. In the form of Figs. 10, l1, and 12 limited unsquaring of the side frames I0 does not take place as a result of twisting of the legs 8D of the hangers 18 about the bases 19 as axes, but as a result of shifting of the bearing blocks 82 laterally agamst the springs 85 with respect to the side frame recesses 84. Suppose, for example, that an unsquaring occurs in which the side frame I shown in Fig. 10 shifts rightwardly with respect to the other side frame l0, which is above the side frame shown, as viewed in Fig. l2. Then there will be a counterclockwise movement of the plank 2| and a corresponding movement of the hanger 80, nvolving a downward movement of the left-hand .bearing projection 8| and an upward movement of right-hand bearing projection 8|. Thus the lower springs 85 at the left and the upper springs at the right will be compressed. When the condition producing the unsquaring is removed as. for example, by return of the railway truck from curved track to straight track, the springs 85 return the parts to the relative position shown in Fig. 12. If the unsquaring causes the side frame I8 shown in Fig. 10 to shift to the left of the unseen side frame I0, then the plank 2| undergoes a clockwise movement with consequent compression of the upper springs 85 to the left and lower springs 85 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 12.

With the truck of Figs. 10, ll, and 12 there is provided the previously described shimmy-preventing means comprising the arcuate walls 34 and the arcuate blocks 41, having straight surfaces along which the bolster 22 moves with transverse swinging of the hangers 18. The truck of Figs. 10, 11, and 12 has its bolster 22 mounted at each end on its plank 2| by means of four cylindrical springs 31, four cylindrical springs 38. four conical springs 44, four conical springs 45, and an intermediate member 39. This truck also has the absorbers 52 of varying rate.

The term side member as used in the claims, is intended to cover either a side frame or an equalizing member.

I claim:

1. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for providing angular movement of the said one swing hanger with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of the said one side member, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, and a plank mounted on the' V swing hangers for angular movement with' respect thereto about pivot axes spaced from l"and parallel to the pivot axesof the swing hangers on the side members,` the swing hangers` the mounting means, and theplank preventing substantial unsquaring of the sidemembers and constituting the only means for this purpose, the means mounting the swing hangers on the side members being resilient transversely of the side members so as toprovide angular displacement of the pivot axes of the swing hang-'ers on the side members for accommodating limited re sisted unsquaring of the side members 2. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair' of U-shaped swing hanger-sf having bearing projections at thev ends of the legs, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member and comprising a pair of bearing blocks each having an opening rotatably receiving the bearing projections of one leg of' the swingl hangers, and a iiat bottom engaging a recess in the said one sidemember so as to prevent rotation of the bearing block and springs acting between the recess and' the sides of the bearing blocks for resilientl'y restraining move-v ment of the bearing blocks transverse of the said one. side member, means mounting thev other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank resting on the bases of the swing hangers andassociated therewith` so as to` provide angular movement ofv the hangersabout the bases of the hangers as axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side members, the plank, the swing hangers, and the mounting means therefor providing substantial' resistance to unsquaring' and being the only means for this purpose, the springs in the mounting means permitting transverse shifting` of the bearing blocks and a consequent opposed shifting of the ends of the legs of each swing hanger for providing limited unsquaring of the side members. 3. A. railway truck comprising' a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair oiA swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of they said one side member and providing for resiliently resisted transverse movement of thev pivot axis, means mounting the other 'swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, and a plank mounted on the swing hangers, the plank, the mounting means, and' they swing hangers providing substantial resist'- ance to unsguari-'ng of the side members and constituting the only means for thisv purpose, the resiliently resisted transverse. (movement of the pivot axes of the swing hangers permitting 'lim'- i-ted nnsquaring of the side members.

4; A railway truck' comprising a pair of spaced parallel sideA members, a pair oi swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side' member for movement with respect thereto about a pivot axis' longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar'fashion, a plankl mounted' on the spring hangers, a bolster spring-mounted on the plank, the plank' and the swing hangers providing a substantial resistance to unsquari'ng of the side members with limitedl unsquaring permitted involving change in the angle of thev plank andv the bolster with respect to the side members, means associated with the sidemembersl and' providing arcuate surfaces, and means presenting surfaces sli'dably associated with the bolster and arcuate surfaces engageable with the aforesaid arcuate surfaces, the arcuatesurfaces sliding on one another during change of the angle of the plank and the bolster rwith respect to the side members due to unsquaring of the side members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring.

5.Y=A railway truck comprisingl a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect thereto about a pivot ax'is longitudinal thereof, means mount-v ing theother swing hanger on the other side rmember in vsimilar fashion, a plank mounted on the spring hangers, a bolster spring-mounted on the plank, the plank and the swing hangers pro- Viding a substantial resistance to unsquaring of theI side members with limited unsquaring permitted involving change in theangle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members, means associated with the side membersand providing arcuate surfaces having vertical' axes in the side members coincident with the axes of movement ofthe plank and the bolster with respect to the side members produced by the limited unsquaring of the side members, and means presenting arcuate surfacesA engaging the aforesaid arcuate surfaces and slid-ably 'associated with the bolster for providing for movement of the bolster and the plank transverse of the side members permitted' by the swing hangers, the arcuate surfaces sliding on one anotl'ierV dni-'ing change of the angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members due to unsquaring of' the side `members so` as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring.

6. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a'pair of swing hangers. means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement` with respect thereto about a pivot axis longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a transverse car-supporting means carried by the swing hangers and associated therewith so as to provide substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members and to constitute with. the swing hangers and the mounting means, the only means for this purpose with provision for limited unsauaring involving a change in the angle of the car-supportingr means with respect to the side members, and means connected with the side members and the car-supporting means and including surfaces frictionally sliding on one another during change in the angle of the car-supporting means with respect to the side members due to unsquaring for preventing shimmy due to unsuuaring.

7`. A railway truck comprising a ypair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect thereto about a pivot axis longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a transverse carsupporting means carried by the swing hangers and associated therewith so as to provide subl stantial resistance to unsquaringl of the side members andv to constitute with the swing hangers and the mounting means, the only means for this purpose with provision for limited unsquaring involving a change in the angle of the car-supporting means with respect to the side members, and' energy' absorbers connected with the side members and slidably associated with the car-supporting means for providing for movement thereof of the side members permitted by the swing hangers, the energy absorbers including arcuate surfaces frictionally sliding on one another during change in the angle of the car-supporting means with respect to the equalizer members due to unsquaring df the side members for preventing shimmy due to unsquar- 8. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect thereto about a pivot axis longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a transverse carsupporting means carried by the swing hangers and associated therewith so as to provide substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members and to constitute with the swing hangers and the mounting means, the only means for this purpose with provision for limited unsquaring involving a change in the angle of the car-supporting means with respect to the side members, means associated with the side members and providing arcuate surfaces having vertical axes in the side members coincident with the axes-of movement of the car-supporting means with respect to the side members produced by the limited unsquaring of the side members, and means presenting arcuate surfaces engaging the aforesaid arcuate surfaces and slidably associated with the car-supporting means for providing for movement of the car-supporting means transverse of the side members permitted by the swing hangers, the 'arcuate surfaces sliding on one another during change of the angle of the car-supporting means with respect to the equalizer members due to unsquaring of the side members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring.

9. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, a plank mounted on the swing hangers, the swing hangers, the mounting means, and the plank preventing substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose, a bolster mounted on the plank, and an energy absorber connected with the bolster and one side member and having surfaces frictionally sliding on one another during unsquaring of the side members for preventing shimmy due to unsquaring.

10. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers,

means mounting one swing hanger on oneside member for providing angular movement of the said one swing hanger with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of the said one side member, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank mounted on the swing hangers for angular movement with respect thereto about pivot axes spaced from and'parallel to the pivot axes of the swing hangers on the side members, the swing hanger, the mounting means, and the plank preventing substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose, the-'means mounting the swing hangers on the side members being resilient transversely of the side members so as to provide angular displacement of the pivot axes of the swing hangers on the side members for accommodating limited resisted unsquaring of the side members, a bolster mounted on the plank, the limited unsquaring of the side members involving change in the angle of the plank andthe bolster with respect to the side members, means associated with the side members and providing arcuate surfaces and means presenting surfaces slidably associated with the bolster and arcuate surfaces engageable with the aforesaid arcuate surfaces, the arcuate surfaces sliding on one another during change of the angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members due to unsquaring of the side members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring. f

11. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of U-shaped swing hangers having bearing projections at the ends of the legs, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member and comprising a pair of bearing blocks each having an opening rotatably receiving the bearing projection of one leg of the swing hangers, and a at bottom engaging a recess in the said one side member so as to prevent rotation of the bearing block and springs acting between the recess and the sides of the bearing blocks for resiliently restraining movement of the bearing blocks transverse of the said one side member, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank resting on the bases of the swing hangers and associated therewith so as to provide angular movement of the hangers about the bases of the hangers as axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side members, the plank, the swing hangers, and the mounting means therefor providing substantial resistance to unsquaring and being the only means for this purpose, the springs in the mounting means permitting transverse shifting of the bearing blocks and a consequent opposed shifting of the ends of the legs of each swing hanger for providing limited unsquaring of the side members, a bolster mounted on the plank, the limited unsquaring of the side members involving change in the angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members, means associated with the side members and providing arcuate surfaces having vertical axes in the side members coincident with the axes of movement of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members produced by the limited unsquaring of the side members, and means presenting arcuate surfaces engaging the aforesaid arcuate surfaces and slidably associated with the bolster for providing for movement of the bolster and the plank transverse of the side members permitted by theswinging hangers, the arcuate surfaces sliding on one another during change of the ange of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members due to unsquaring of the side members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring.

12. A railwaytruck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of the said one side member and providing for resiliently resisted transverse movement of the pivot axis, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a transverse car-supporting means mounted on the swing hangers, the car-supporting means and the swing hangers providing substantial resistance "to unsquaring or. the. sida members and; constitu-t..-y

angle of the cai-:supporting means with, respect to, the side: members, and energy absorbers con-Y nected with` the. side members and slidably-y ass ciated with the car-supporting; means for provid-a+. ing lfor movement thereovtransverse. of the; side Aew 'members permitted by the swing hangers, the'.;l

energyJ absorbers including arcuate. surfaces.I frisev tionally` sliding onone another during changein the angle. of. the car-supporting; means with re,-

spect to the side members. due to. unsquaring ci' the. equalizer'members for preventing shimmy dile "j to unsquarin-g.,

13. A railway truckv comprising a pair` of spaced Y.; parallel side members. a. pair of U-shaped swing hangers, a first setv of mounting members spaced,`

in alignment longitudinal of one side' member-and supporting the ends of the legs of one swing hang er upon an axis lcmgitudinal` or the said one side member for providingl angular movement. of thev said; one swing hanger about the said axis and preventing shifting or angular displacement "of the;v mounting` members transverse o the said one side member, a second set ofv mounting members associated with the. other swing hanger and the other side member in similar fashion,l a plank resting on the bases of the U -shaped hangers and associated therewith so: as to `provide angularV movement of. the. plank with. respect: to. the. han'g- Y ers. about the. bases; of the hangers as. axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement'oi the basesof. the hangers relative to. the plank: and

transverse of the. side members.. a bolster resil' iently mounted on. the plank, the plank, the hang-` ers, and the mounting members providing trarisverseswinging of thel plank with respect, tothe side members and substantial resistance to ur@ Squaring of the side members and. constituting the only means for:- this purpose, elastic twisting-'f of. the legs. of; the hangers with respect to; the,v bases: thereof being suiicient to provide limited. unsquaringA oi the side. members: involving change in the angle oi the plank and theY bolster witir respect to the side members. and energy absorb,- ers connected withthe. side members and the bol l Ster and including surfaces frictionallv sliding .on

one another during the aforesaid change lx1-.the

angle of the plank and. the bolster due to:unsfluar-l ing oi the side members for preventing. snini'my' due to the unsquaring.

14. `A railwai.T truck comprising.' a pairoi'spaced parallel side members av pair of. swing hangers;-` means mounting one swing hanger upon one side member for providing movement witn r,aspect` thereto about an axis longitudinalY thereof andl preventing shifting of thel portions of the. said one swing hanger associated with the mounting means transverse of the said one. side. member., means mounting the other swing hanger in simi lar fashion upon the other side. member, and a plank supported upon the swing hangers. on. mountings providing. angular movement of the. swing hangers with respect to. the plank about axes: longitudinal of the. side; members and ydis-- placed. from the axes of the swing hangers upon the side members and preventing shifting oriangular displacement. of the axes of theplankl'and the swing hangers relative, to; the plank andtra'nsverse of the side members, the relative movement= between the swing hangers and the equalizer hangers about. the. axes providing: transmise swinging of; the. plank. witnrespect to the side members, the prevention of transverse shifting of the portions oi the swinghangers associated with, the mounting: means and the prevention of transverse shifting or angular displacement of the axes. of the swing hangers on, the plank relative to. the plank providing substantial resistance to. unsquaring or theA side members and constituteing the only' cause for elastic twisting cit/the legs of. the. U-shapedhangers about. the. bases providing a limited unsquaring; oftheside. members, a bolster resilientlyv mounted on the; plank'. the limited unsquaring of the, side-*membersinvolving angular movement. of the plank and the bolster with respect to; the side members, and energy absorbers connected. with the. side members and slidably associated with. the bolster to accommodate movement of the bolster and the plank transverse of the side members: permitted by the swing hangers, the energy vabsorbers, includ ing arcuate surfaoeshaving vertical axes in the side; members determining the axes of the aforesaid angular movement of the plank and the. bel- .ster and.frictonally4 sliding on. one another during such movement tov prevent shimmy dueto uns sanering.

154. A railwayy truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of U-shap'ed swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members on. pivot. axes. longitudinal of the side members positively preventing displacement transverse'of the side members of portions of the swing hangers associated with the mount-k means, and a transverse car-supporting meansl mounted on the swing hangers, theswing hangers, the mounting means, and the car-supporting meansl preventing substantial; unsquari-ng of the side members and constituting the only means; for this. purpose, elastic twisting. of the legs of the U-shaped hangers about the bases provid-ing limited unsquaring of the side members involving change. in the angle of the car-supporting meansy with respect tothe side members., and` energy-absorbing means connected withv the car supporting means and one side member and in cluding arcuate surfaces frictionally` sliding on one another during change in the aforesaid an-4 gie of'. the car-supporting means caused byI unsduaring to. prevent sbimmy due tothe unsquarel lng.

16.. A railway truck comprising a pair of' spaced parallel side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side mem--7 bers.. a. plank mounted on the swing hangers, the. swing hangers, the mounting means, and' the plank. preventing unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means. for this purpose,E a bolsterpositioned over the plank., and a onlin-Y drical coil spring and a conical coil spring ar ranged, in series. between the. bolster and' the. plank,` the. conicai spring being of the type hav.- lng the outer diameter of one turn greater than the inner diameter ofthe next larger turn so as to retain a conical form when collapsed with one turn abutting an adjacent turn. f

17. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, a plank mounted on the swing hangers.,J the swing hangers, the mounting means, and the plank. pre venting substantial unsduaring ofthe side meme bers and constituting the only means for this purpose,` a bolster positioned. over the. plank,l a cylin members and between the plank and the 15 drical coil spring and a plurality o conicaicoil springs 'arranged in parallel with' one another and in series withthe cylindrical coil spring so as to cooperate therewith in supporting the bolster on the plank, some conical springs being arranged with' their large ends adjacent the lcylindrical spring and other conical springs being arranged with' their small ends adjacent the cylindrical spring for minimizing the spaceoccupied by the conical spring, the conical springs being of the type having the outer diameter of one turn greater'than the inner diameter of the next larger so as to retain a conical form when collapsed with one turn abutting an adjacent turn.

18. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for providing angular movement of the said one swing hanger with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of the said one side member, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank mounted on the swing hangers for angular movement with respectA thereto about pivot axes spaced from and parallel to the pivot axes of the swing hangers on the side members, the swing hangers, the mounting means, and the plank preventing substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose, the means mounting the swing hangers on the side members being resilient transversely of the side members so as to provide angular displacement of the pivot axes of the swing hangers on the side members for accommodating limited resisted unsquaring of the side members, a bolster positioned over the plank, and a cylindrical coil spring and a conical coil spring arranged in series between the bolster and the plank, the conical spring being of the type having the outer diameter of one turn greater than the inner diameter of the next larger turn so as to retain a conical form when collapsed with one turn abutting an adjacent turn.

19. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for providing angular movement of the said one swing hanger with respect to the said one side member about a pivot axis longitudinal of the said one side member, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank mounted on the swing hangers for angular movement with respect thereto about pivot axes spaced from and parallel tothe pivot axes of the swing hangers on the side members, the swing hangers, the mounting means,

and the plank preventing substantial unsquaring ofY the side membersA and constituting the only means for this purpose, the means mounting the swing hangers on the side members being resilient transversely of the side members so as to" provide angular displacement of the pivot axesV of the swing hangers on the side members for accommodating limited resisted unsquaring of the side members, a bolster positioned over the plank. a cylindrical coil spring, and a plurality of conical coil springs arranged in parallel with one another and in series with the cylindrical coil spring so as to cooperate therewith in supporting the bolster on the plank, some conical springs being Aarranged with their large ends adjacent vthe cylindrical spring and other conical springs'being arranged with their small ends adjacent the cylindrical spring for minimizing the space occupied by the conical spring, the conical springs being of the type having the outer diameter of one turn so as to retain a conical form when collapsed with' one turn abutting an adjacent turn.

20 A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member formovement with respect thereto about a pivot axis longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank mounted on the spring hangers, a bolster spring-mounted on the plank, the plankand the swing hangers providing a substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members with limited unsquaring permitted involving change in the angle of the plank and the bolster with the side members, means associated with the equalizer members and providing arcuate surfaces, means' presenting surfaces slidably associated with the bolster and arcuate surfaces engageable with the aforesaid arcuate surfaces, the arcuate surfaces sliding on one another during change of the angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members due to unsquaring of the equalizer members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring, and a cylindrical coil spring and a conical coil spring arranged in series between the bolster and the plank, the conical spring being of the type having the outer diameter of one turn greater than'theinner diameter of the next larger turn so as' tov retain a conical form when collapsed with one turn abutting an adjacent turn.

21. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting one swing hanger on one side member for movement with respect thereto about a pivot axis longitudinal thereof, means mounting the other swing hanger on the other side member in similar fashion, a plank mounted on the spring hangers, a bolster spring-mounted on the plank, the plank and the swing hangers pro' viding a substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members with limited unsquaring permitted involving change in the angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the side members, means associated with the equalizer members and providing arcuate surfaces having vertical axes in the side members coincident with the Aaxes of movement of the plank and the bolster With respect to the side members produced by the limited unsquaring of the side members, means presenting arcuate surfaces engaging the aforesaid arcuate surfaces and slidably associated with the bolster for providing for movement ofthe bolster and the planktransverse of the side members-permitted, by the swing hangers. the arcuate surfaces sliding on one another during change of the 'angle of the plank and the bolster with respect to the'side members due to unsquaring of the side'members so as to prevent shimmy due to unsquaring, a cylindrical 'coil spring,"and a plurality ofA conical coil springs arranged in parallel with one another and in series with the cylindrical coil spring so as to cooperate therewith in supporting the bolster on the plank, some conical springs being arranged with their large ends adjacent the cylindrical spring and other conical springs being arranged with their small ends adjacent the cylindrical spring for minimizing the space occupied by the conical spring, 4the conical springs being of the type hav;

ing the outer diameter of one turn greater than the inner diameter of the next larger turn so as to retain a conical form when collapsed with one turn abutting an adjacent turn.

1v A22; A railway truck comprisingv ajpair-'of'spaced vparallel side members, a "pair of j'U -shaped swing hangers, a rstset 4of imounting Amembers 4spaced inralignment longitudinal of ene'si'de member' and supporting the endsl of the legsof `one 'swing hanger 'upon an axis vlongitudinalcf =the said one side member for providing angular -movement of the said one swing lhanger about i the said-axis "and preventing shifting-or `angular `displacement 'of the-mounting mernbers'transverse of the said one iside member, a second set of mountingmembers Yassociated withtheother swing 'hanger and the other side member ins'imila'r fashion; a *plank restingonthe bases of theU-shapedehangers and associated therewith so `as to'eprovide angulai movement of 'thel plank with respect to-the1liang ers about the bases lof th'ehangersfas and to vprevent shifting'or angular displacement of the lbases 'of the hangers relative to--the-plank and transverse 4of the Hside-members, a bolster resiliently Vmounted on the plank, the plank, the hangers, and vthe -mountingmembers providing transverse swinging of the plank with respectto the Rside members and substantial resistance to unsquaringof the -'equal-izermembers and constituting the -only Ameans -forf-this purpose, elastic ltwisting of the legsof the hangers with respect Vto the 'bases thereof being suflicient to provide limited unsquaring of --theside-members involving change lin the angle-or the plank and theboister with Lrespect -to the -Aside --members -energy absorbers connected lwith the equalizer members and the bolsterandincluding surfaces fric- Vtionallysliding on'one'another during the aforesaid-'change in the angle of the plank and Athe i `bolster due tounsquaringfofthe side members for `preventing shimmy due to the un'Squaring, 'a cvlindrical coil spring, and a -plurality of conical coil springs arranged in parallel with'one another and inseries with thecylindrical coil Vspring so as to cooperate therewith-in supporting the bolster on -the plank, some `conical springs being arranged with their largeends-adjacentlthe cylindrical spring andother conical springs being arran'gediwith their-small ends adjacent thecylindrical spring ior-minimizing the space occupied -by the conical spring, lthe lconical springs Abeing -of the type having the fouter'diameter-of one Aturn-greater than the inner-diameter of the next larger turn so as to retain afconicalfiforrn when-collapsed with vone turn abutting an adjacent turn.

23. AA railway truck comprising a pair oi spaced parallel -side members, a pair cfu-shaped swing hangers, means mounting 'theswinglhangerslon the V-side -members on lpivot axes longitudinal -of the side members positivelyIpreventingdisplacement transverse of the side members of portions ofthe swing hangers-'associated y'with the mounting means, and a transverse car-supporting meanscomprisinga bolster and a plank'mounted on the-swing rhan-gers, the swing hangers and the'car-supporting means preventing substantial unsquaring fof the side members -andfconstituting the only means for this-purpose, elastic twisting of the legs of the U-shaped hangers above the bases providing limited -lunsquaring of the side members involving change in the angle of the oar-supporting means `with-respect -to the side members, energy-absorbing means Yconnected with the car-supporting means and one side member and including arcuate surfaces Vfrictionally sliding on one another during change in the aforesaid angle `-o'f theY car-supporting means caused by unsquaring to prevent shimmy-'dueto the' unsquaring, and a cylindrical vcoil-springv and Iacor1ical-coil 4spring arranged in yseries between the bolster and-theplank, the conical spring'bein'gof the 'type 'having `the 'outer diameter of "one turn'greaterthan the inner diameter 'o the next larger turn so as to retain Ya Yconical Iform 'when collapsed 'with one turn abutting van 'adjacent turn.

in' a railway 'truck comprising 4a pair of axles'wheels tlierefona pair of spaced side members connecting the axles and beingfre'e of'transverse ties Atending 'to `*prevent 'tilting of the side Cmembers, -swing hangers, means mounting 'the swing lhangers -on "theside members Jon axes Yat approximately fthe level "of the axles ubutbelow the'pointsof support of the 'side'meinbers' on the axiesand 'a'plank mounted on the -swing hangers, theA swmglhangers,'the'mounting means, and the plank preventing suhstantialnnsquaring of `the lside :members lani?- constituting the only means "for this purpose, Athe mountings of the swing-hangersionsthe Asidemembersand the plank on' swing lhangerscooperating with the plank and swing "hangers to Vprovide Aa degree 'of elasticity sunicient to 'permit Vlimited Yunsquaning 'of Vthe side members.

25. Arailway-truckcomprising apairof spaced axles, -a 'pair lof spaced parallel side members connecting the axles, apair 'of U-shaped swing hangers provided -with relatively short legs and bearing `projections at the Vends `of the legs having y'axes v'at Iapproximately the level of "the laxes of the axles, Vmeans mounting one l'swing `hanger on 'one side member and comprising la pair of bearing 'blocks each having `anopening rotatably receiving tthebearing Vprojections of one leg of the swing hangers, and a flat bottom engaging a recess in the-said one side member so as to prevent rotationof `Athe bearing block andsprings acting @between the Vrecess and vthe Hsides 'of the bearing `blocks for 'resiliently restraining movement-of "the bearing blocks transverse of the said one side member, means mounting "the other `swing hanger Aon kthe other side member in similar'fashion, a plank resting on the bases ofthe swing vhangers and associated ltherewith so as tofprovi'de 'angular movement of the hangers about thebase's `of the hangers 'as'axes and to prevent `shifting or angular displacement `of the Abases `of "the vhangers relative to Athe plank Yand transverse of the side members, 'the plank, the 'swinghangers and the mounting means therefor providing substantial resistance to unsquaring Jand'being `the only vmeans for this purpose, lthe Y'springs 'inthe mounting means permitting transverseshifting of `the bearing blocks and a consequentopposed shifting of the ends of the legs 'of each Vswing hanger for providing vlimited unsquaring Jof `the side members.

26.1Inva railway truck ,comprising a pair of spacedside members, swing hangersmeans pivotally mounting the swing hangers 'onthe side members, a plankpivotallymounted on the swing hangers, and albolsterresilientlymounted on'the plank and'free of any association with the side members tending *to vprevent unsquaring ofthe truck, `the swing hangers. the several pivotal mountingimeans, andthe plank preventing V.subs'tantiai-unsquaring'of the truck and constituting the VYonly `means `for Athis purpose, the mountings of theswing hangers Von `the side members and the Aplank on "swing, hangers cooperating with the plankfand swing'hangersto provide a degree of elasticity sufficient to permitlimited unsquaringof the side members.

27. In a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, body-supporting means, and means pivotally mounting the body-supporting means on the swing hangers, the swing hangers, both mounting means, and the body-supporting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, the body-supporting means including a bolster resiliently mounted on the swing hangers and free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sufficient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

28. In a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members, a pair of swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, car-body-supporting means, means pivotally mounting the car-body-supporting means on the swing hangers, the swing hangers, both mounting means, and the car-body-supporting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, the car-body-supporting means being free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck except by way of the swing hangers and the mounting means,` the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sumcient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

29. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members, swing hangers having bases, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, a plank resting on the bases of the hangers and associated therewith so as to provide angular movement of the plank with respect to the bases of the hangers about the bases of the hangers as axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side members, the plank, the swing hangers, and the mounting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, and a bolster mounted on the plank so as to be free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity suiicient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

30. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members, swing hangers having bases, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members, car-body-supporting means resting on the bases of the hangers and associated therewith so as to provide angular movement of the supporting means with respect to the bases of the hangers about the bases of the hangers as axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the supporting means and transverse of the side members, the car-body-supporting means, the swing hangers and the mounting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, the car-body-supporting means including a bolster free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sufficient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

31. In a railway truck comprising ay pair of spaced axles, a pair of spaced side members mounted on and extending between the axles and being free of rigid transverse ties tending to prevent tilting of the side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members at approximately the level of the axles but below the level of the points of support of the side members on the axles, carbody-supporting means, and means pivotally mounting the car-body-supporting means on the swing hangers, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on fswing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sufcient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

32. In a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced axles, a pair of spaced side members mounted on and extending between the axles and being free of transverse ties tending to prevent tilting of the side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members at approximately the level of the axles but below the level of support of the side members on the axles, car-body-supporting means, and means mounting the car-body-supporting means on the swing hangers and including a bolster positioned to extend between the side members free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck, the swing hangers, both mounting means, and the carbody-supporting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, the car-body-supporting means being free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck except by way of the swing hangers and both mounting means, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity suiiicient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

33. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced axles, a pair of spaced side members connecting the axles and being free of transverse ties tending to prevent tilting of the side members, swing hangers, means mounting the swing hangers on the side members at approximately the level of the axles, a plank resting on the bases of the hangers and associated therewith so as to provide angular movement of the plank with respect to the bases of the hangers about the bases of the hangers as axes and to prevent shifting or angular displacement of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side members, the plank, the swing hangers, and the mounting means preventing substantial unsquaring of the truck and constituting the only means for this purpose, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity suicient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members and a bolster mounted on the plank so as to be free of any association with the side members tending to prevent unsquaring of the truck. 4

essen-,seo

34..fIn a-cartruck rofzthetype havingaxlesiand :spaced side .'frames connecting the zaxles,.each .side frame `being 1 provided with; a rwindow opening .defined by longitudinallyspaced columns joined by a 'top compressionmember andabottom ten- -sion;member, -the combination of, swing hangers substantially y:U-.shaped in (outline, each swing hanger being pivotallyl yconnected fto .one vside Aframe, thepivotal axis of each hanger beingsubstantially in horizontal alignment `with 'the `axles fof the said'truck, aloadsupporting spring plank .extending transversely lof Isaid truck .and sup,- ported at either'endbyone of said swing-hangers, ythe Said vspring plank 'having portions Voverlying and ypivotally Vinter-fitting Awith `the adjacent por- ;tionszof the swing hangers, a bolstenand springs interposed between the bolster ends'and thezadjacent portions of the spring plank, the inter- .tting portions of the spring plank lying ybeneath the Acorresponding columns of the respective side frames.

.35. 4In a car truck ofthe type having a side trame mounted at the ends on spaced axles, said side frame being formed -witha window opening '.dened y:by longitudinally spaced columns joined :by a :top compression member fand-a bottom Atension member, the combination of, seatsformed in each ,column substantially at or'below theheight `of the axles, pivot `pins locked .against movement relative fto vsaid .columns and nesting with said seats, a fhangergpivotailly supported by :said pivot pins and. comprising a base and-legs entirely .within the horizontal limits of said columns, a load supporting spring :plank extending through said '.wiindow opening .and movably mounted `on said hanger base, and a bolster extending through said .windowfopening and spring mounted on said spring plank.

36. A railway truck comprising a pair of spaced parallel side members, a pair of U -shaped swing hangers having circular openingsin theends of the legs, a iirst pair of mounting members spaced from one another in alignment longitudinal of oneside member at the approximate level of the axles and having intermediate circular bearing regions engaging the circular openings in the legs of one swing hanger for providing angular movement of Ythe said one swing hanger with respect -to the said oney side member about a longitudinal axis and terminal Wedge-shaped regions decreasing in thickness 2in a downward direction fitting in correspondingly shaped `recesses in the -said one side member forpreventing rotation of themounti-ng members and angular displacement or shifting of the mounting members transverse of the Vsaid one side member, a second pair of mounting members similar to Athe rst pair and associated Vwith the other side member vand the other swing' hanger in the same way, and a plank resting on the bases of the U-shaped hangers and associated therewith Vso as to provide angular movement of the plank with respect to the'bases of vthe 'hangers about the bases of the hangers as axes, this angular movement combining with that between the hangers and the side members to provide swinging of the plank transverse of the side members, and prevention of angular displacement or shifting of the bases of the hangers relative to the plank and transverse of the side members, this prevention and the prevention of transverse shifting or angular displacement of the mounting members effecting a substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only cause for this, relative angular movement between :the legs :of :the hangers resulting -from elastic :twisting of the bases ofthe hangers being .su'cient `'to provide .limited unsquaring of the side members.

Arailway truck rcomprising a pair vofzspaced -parallelfsidezmembers va pair of .U.-shaped swing :hangers .having circularopenings in the ends of the legs,;a.1rst.pair of mounting members spaced .from one' another in alignment longitudinal of 'oneifside emember and having .intermediate cir- Ycularbearing'regions engaging the circular openings in thelegsof Vone swing hanger for providing .angular movementof thesaid .one swing .hanger .with respect to the said one side :member about a longitudinal `axis and lterminal wedge-shaped Iregions .decreasing in lthickness in a downward direction and iitting `in correspondingly shaped :recesses in the said one side member for .preventing rotation ofthe .mounting members and angular vdisplacement or shifting of the mounting members transverse of the said one side member, a second pair of mounting members similar t0 the first pair and associated with vthe othersi'de member and the other swing hanger in the same Way, and a plank resting on the bases .of the U-shaped hangers and associated therewith so as to provide angular movement vof the plank with respect to the bases of the hangers about thebases of the hangers as axes, this angular movement combining with that vbetween the hangers .and the side members to provide lswinging ofthe plank transverse of the side members, and revention of angular .displacement or shifting oi the bases of the hangers relative to the pia-nk and transverse of the side members, this prevention and the prevention of transverse shifting or angular displacement of the mounting members effecting .a substantial resistance to unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only cause for this, relative angular movement between the legs of the hangers resulting from elastic twisting of the bases of the hangers being sufficient to provide limited unsquaring of the side members.

'38. In a car truck of `the type having a pair of spaced side frames each formed with a window opening defined by longitudinally spaced columns joinedbya top compression member and va bottoml tension member, the combination of a bolster extending between said side frames with each end thereof positioned in a window opening, flanges formed on Athe inner faces of said columns'for receiving movable shoes adapted to slidably engage `and guide the lmovement of said bolster, a web connecting the side walls of each column outwardly of saidfanges, swing hangers substantially U-shaped in outline positioned in the window opening of each side frame, and means supported by said column members and intersecting said column Webs for pivotallysupporting said swing hangers, load supporting means carried by said swing hangers jfor connecting theA said side frames, and yielding means interposed between said Ybolster and said lastnamed load supporting means, said yielding means being positioned in the window opening of each side frame.

39. In a car truck of the type having a pair of spaced side frames mounted on a pair of spaced axles wherein each side frame is formed with a Window opening deiined by longitudinally spaced columns joined by a top compression member and a bottom tension member, the combination of, a pair of swing hangers substantially U- shaped in outline, each swing hanger being pivotally connected to one side frame for transverse swinging movement relative thereto, the pivotal axes of said hangers being substantially in horizontal alignment with the axles of the said truck, and a load supporting spring plank extending transversely of said truck and pivotally supported at either end by one of said swing hangers, said spring plank being of substantially flat, rigid construction and having an effective width at the ends thereof substantially greater than the width in the central portion intermediate the ends, a bolster, springs interposed between the bolster ends and the adjacent portions of the spring plank, and projections on opposite sides of the spring-seating portions of the plank engaging the swing-hanger bases. the swing hangers and their connections to the side frames and to the spring plank providing the only means for resisting substantial unsquaring of the side frames yet including suicient resilience to permit limited unsquaring of the side frames.

40. In a car truck of the type having axles and spaced side frames connecting the axles, each side frame being provided with a window opening defined by longitudinally spaced columns joined by a top compression member and a bottom tension member, the combination of a pair of swing hangers substantially U-shaped in outline, each swing hanger being pivotally connected to one side frame, the pivotal axis of each hanger being substantially in horizontal alignment with the axles of the said truck, a load supporting spring plank extending transversely of said truck and pivotally supported at either end by one of said swing hangers, a bolster overlying said spring plank, springs interposed between the bolster ends and the adjacent portions of the spring plank, and projections on opposite sides of the spring-seating portions of the plank engaging the swing-hanger bases and lying beneath the corresponding columns of the respective side frames.

41. In a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members, a pair of relatively rigid swing hangers, means pivotally mounting a swing hanger on each side member for transverse swinging movement relative thereto, and a load supporting member mounted directly on and extending between the swing hangers, the swing hangers, the load supporting member, the means mounting the swing hangers on the side members and the load supporting member on the swing hangers cooperating to resist substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sufficient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

42. In a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced axles, wheels therefor, a pair of spaced side members mounted on said axles, a swing hanger pivotally mounted on each side member on pivot axes extending longitudinally of the side members and located at or below the level of support of the side members on the axles, and a load supporting member extending between the swing hangers and pivotally mounted thereon for movement relative thereto about axes extending longitudinally of the side members, the swing hangers, the load supporting member and the several pivotal mountings cooperating to resist substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose, the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity suiiicient to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

43. 1n a railway truck comprising a pair of spaced side members mounted on wheeled axles, a pair of swing hangers, one mounted on each side frame for transverse swinging movement relative thereto, each swing hanger being nonresilient in a vertical direction, and a load supporting plank member extending between and pivotally supported on the swing hangers, the

.swing hangers, the load supporting member, the

swing hanger mountings and the mounting of the load supporting member on the swing hanger cooperating to resist substantial unsquaring of the side members and constituting the only means for this purpose. the mountings of the swing hangers on the side members and the plank on swing hangers cooperating with the plank and swing hangers to provide a degree of elasticity sufiiciently to permit limited unsquaring of the side members.

' ROBERT N. JANEWAY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the lle of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 40,957 Smith Dec. 15, 1863 485,652 Pngst Nov. 8, 1892 655,738 Robinson Aug. 14, 1900 826,870 Otis July 24, 1906 849,193 Bettendorf Apr. 2, 1907 897,912 Lowry Sept. 8, 1908 1,151,858 Brock Aug. 31, 1915 1,916,146 Hedgcock June 27, 1933 2,052,639 Martin Sept. 1, 1936 2,128,505 Sproul Aug. 30, 1938 2,267,153 Holland Dec. 23, 1941 2,296,769 Cox Sept. 22, 1942 2,344,034 Elsey Mar. 14, 1944 2,373,508 Snyder Apr. 10, 1945 2,483,858 Van Der Sluys Oct. 4, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 788,661 France July 29, 1935 

